Chiaroscuro is Italian for light/dark. In art it is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually affecting the whole composition. I don't think I can improve on Kerrys' mini-tutorial so I am providing the link to his excellent examples.
http://www.birdphotographers.net/for...-mini-tutorial
For the example I am providing this was done using studio lighting, so it was easy to control the light and darks. The background was already black and some sidelighting and a hairlight was used. I upped the blacks even more in NIK SEP to create a dramatic effect. I have seen some nice examples of chiaroscuro with scenes indoors using just window light and ambient light to create a dramatic scene.









